PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL34
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H12
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL121
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT68 C3'H/CYP98A42 CSE135 CCoAOMT19
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR46 CAD61 F5H/CYP84A1 COMT41
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC157 POD530
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Lycophytes/Ferns (1267)
Current lineage filter: Lycophytes/Ferns. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Algae
Hits0
Bryophytes
Hits0
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1267
Gymnosperms
Hits0
Basal angiosperms
Hits0
Monocots
Hits0
Eudicots
Hits0
Species Distribution
Isoetes taiwanensis
Azolla filiculoides
Selaginella moellendorffii
Salvinia cucullata
Lineage Summary
Lycophytes/Ferns
1267
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100059440.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100059440.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063130.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063130.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063250.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063250.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063460.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063460.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063680.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100063680.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100064500.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_100064500.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10046250.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10046250.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10046310.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10046310.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10047330.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10047330.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10048780.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10048780.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10049490.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10049490.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050250.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050250.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050280.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050280.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050290.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050290.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050330.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050330.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050340.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050340.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050390.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050390.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050560.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10050560.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10051300.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10051300.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10051380.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10051380.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10053490.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10053490.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10053710.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10053710.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10054530.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10054530.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10055170.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_10055170.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1010066570.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1010066570.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1010066580.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1010066580.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1010066590.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1010066590.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1030068420.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1030068420.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1030068440.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1030068440.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1030068470.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1030068470.1