PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL34
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H12
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL121
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT68 C3'H/CYP98A42 CSE135 CCoAOMT19
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR46 CAD61 F5H/CYP84A1 COMT41
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC157 POD530
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Lycophytes/Ferns (1267)
Current lineage filter: Lycophytes/Ferns. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Algae
Hits0
Bryophytes
Hits0
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1267
Gymnosperms
Hits0
Basal angiosperms
Hits0
Monocots
Hits0
Eudicots
Hits0
Species Distribution
Isoetes taiwanensis
Azolla filiculoides
Selaginella moellendorffii
Salvinia cucullata
Lineage Summary
Lycophytes/Ferns
1267
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_170136630.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_170136630.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_170136640.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_170136640.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1800144320.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1800144320.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180142340.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180142340.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180142980.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180142980.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180143020.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180143020.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180143030.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_180143030.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1810144540.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1810144540.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1810144560.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1810144560.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1850145440.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1850145440.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1850145450.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1850145450.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190148660.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190148660.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190148670.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190148670.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190149890.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190149890.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190151140.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_190151140.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1970152090.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_1970152090.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200165770.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200165770.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200166270.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200166270.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200166650.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200166650.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200166670.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200166670.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200167570.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200167570.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200167580.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200167580.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200168750.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_200168750.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20153570.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20153570.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20153970.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20153970.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20156170.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20156170.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20157110.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20157110.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20157430.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20157430.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20159500.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20159500.1
ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20160010.1 isoetes_taiwanensis ItaiItaiw_v1_scaffold_20160010.1