PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
4CL

4CL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family 4CL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 774 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum turgidum
Prunus domestica
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 25907 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 25910 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 25914 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0084960.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0084960.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0085230.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0085230.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0096870.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0096870.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0002240.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0002240.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0002250.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0002250.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0002970.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0002970.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0003000.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0003000.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0017180.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0017180.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0054760.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0054760.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0057280.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0057280.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0057580.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0057580.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0058020.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0058020.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0058270.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0058270.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0061440.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0061440.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0061550.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0061550.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0073100.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0073100.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0130310.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0130310.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0001g0002970.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0001g0002970.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0001g0003190.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0001g0003190.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0002g0000390.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0002g0000390.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0003g0000920.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0003g0000920.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0004g0000150.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0004g0000150.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0004g0000180.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0004g0000180.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0004g0002290.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0004g0002290.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0014g0000710.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0014g0000710.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0023g0000060.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0023g0000060.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0030g0000430.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0030g0000430.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0037g0000210.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0037g0000210.1
Aatt540130022660 anomodon_attenuatus Aatt540130022660
Aatt540810023880 anomodon_attenuatus Aatt540810023880