PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Acor22G0002210.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor22G0002210.1
Acor22G0003070.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor22G0003070.1
Acor22G0004270.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor22G0004270.1
Acor22G0011080.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor22G0011080.1
Acor23G0001350.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor23G0001350.1
Acor23G0002680.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor23G0002680.1
Acor24G0000830.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor24G0000830.1
Acor24G0001080.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor24G0001080.1
Acor24G0005160.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor24G0005160.1
Acor24G0005170.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor24G0005170.1
Acor24G0005180.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor24G0005180.1
Acor24G0005190.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor24G0005190.1
Acortig00006460_pilon0009270.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig00006460_pilon0009270.1
Acortig00006591_pilon_1_13459990009940.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig00006591_pilon_1_13459990009940.1
Acortig00006593_pilon_1053000_11389990011120.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig00006593_pilon_1053000_11389990011120.1
Acortig00006593_pilon_1527000_19999990011800.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig00006593_pilon_1527000_19999990011800.1
Acortig00006593_pilon_1527000_19999990011810.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig00006593_pilon_1527000_19999990011810.1
Acortig00006593_pilon_1527000_19999990011820.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig00006593_pilon_1527000_19999990011820.1
Acortig01122148_pilon0015510.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig01122148_pilon0015510.1
Acortig01122148_pilon0015520.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig01122148_pilon0015520.1
Acortig01122149_pilon0015560.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acortig01122149_pilon0015560.1
Atau1DG0000150.10 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.10
Atau1DG0000150.11 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.11
Atau1DG0000150.12 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.12
Atau1DG0000150.13 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.13
Atau1DG0000150.14 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.14
Atau1DG0000150.2 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.2
Atau1DG0000150.3 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.3
Atau1DG0000150.4 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.4
Atau1DG0000150.5 aegilops_tauschii Atau1DG0000150.5