PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9075119.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9075119.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9075170.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9075170.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9075772.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9075772.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076043.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076043.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076226.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076226.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076629.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076629.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076640.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076640.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076674.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076674.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076677.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076677.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076689.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076689.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076690.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076690.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076708.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9076708.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077246.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077246.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077272.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077272.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077280.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077280.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077316.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077316.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077321.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077321.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077333.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077333.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077718.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9077718.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078380.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078380.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078697.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078697.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078727.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078727.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078731.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078731.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078738.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9078738.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079242.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079242.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079525.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079525.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079533.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079533.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079539.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079539.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079789.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079789.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079793.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9079793.1