PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Flavonoid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
En_0105178.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0105178.mRNA1
En_0105179.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0105179.mRNA1
En_0110317.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0110317.mRNA1
En_0110319.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0110319.mRNA1
En_0110321.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0110321.mRNA1
En_0110749.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0110749.mRNA1
En_0110751.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0110751.mRNA1
En_0112603.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0112603.mRNA1
En_0112604.mRNA1 eragrostis_nindensis En_0112604.mRNA1
Eoph04G0016810.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph04G0016810.1
Eoph08G0023040.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph08G0023040.1
Eoph08G0023050.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph08G0023050.1
Eoph08G0023060.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph08G0023060.1
Eoph08G0023070.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph08G0023070.1
Eoph09G0014960.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph09G0014960.1
Eoph09G0014980.1 eremochloa_ophiuroides Eoph09G0014980.1
Ebreopera_scaffold_114380016210 erigeron_breviscapus Ebreopera_scaffold_114380016210
Ebreopera_scaffold_11780019800 erigeron_breviscapus Ebreopera_scaffold_11780019800
Ebreopera_scaffold_13730038980 erigeron_breviscapus Ebreopera_scaffold_13730038980
Ebreopera_scaffold_2620159530 erigeron_breviscapus Ebreopera_scaffold_2620159530
Ebreopera_scaffold_282820175590 erigeron_breviscapus Ebreopera_scaffold_282820175590
Ejap04G0015300.1 eriobotrya_japonica Ejap04G0015300.1
Ejap09G0015840.1 eriobotrya_japonica Ejap09G0015840.1
Ejap10G0014000.1 eriobotrya_japonica Ejap10G0014000.1
Ejap16G0011080.1 eriobotrya_japonica Ejap16G0011080.1
Ejap17G0011730.1 eriobotrya_japonica Ejap17G0011730.1
eruca_sativa_CAH8282651.1 eruca_sativa eruca_sativa_CAH8282651.1
eruca_sativa_CAH8302332.1 eruca_sativa eruca_sativa_CAH8302332.1
eruca_sativa_CAH8319912.1 eruca_sativa eruca_sativa_CAH8319912.1
eruca_sativa_CAH8319927.1 eruca_sativa eruca_sativa_CAH8319927.1