Flavonoid portable pathway
Flavonoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.
Representative Flavonoid Reaction Route
Phenylpropanoid entry, flavonoid scaffold, and anthocyanin branches. The flavonoid pathway is branched; this view arranges the main scaffold and common branches into a readable representative route without forcing all branches into one linear pathway.
9
curated steps/modules
From Phenylpropanoid Entry To Flavonoid Scaffold
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to the cinnamate entry point
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits L-phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid entry route that supplies the flavonoid acyl donor.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of cinnamate
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A hydroxylates cinnamate to p-coumarate, a required phenylpropanoid step toward the flavonoid donor.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation to form the flavonoid acyl donor
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL activates p-coumarate to p-coumaroyl-CoA for CHS-mediated flavonoid scaffold formation.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Substrate
Malonyl-CoA
C24H38N7O19P3S
HOOC-CH2-C(=O)-SCoA
Condensation of the C6-C3-C6 scaffold
Product
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
CHS condenses one p-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA units to form a chalcone scaffold.
05
Substrate
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
Product
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
CHI converts the open-chain chalcone into the flavanone core.
06
Substrate
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
C-ring 3-hydroxylation to dihydroflavonols
Product
Dihydrokaempferol
C15H12O6
dihydroflavonol C-ring
F3H is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that converts flavanones into the dihydroflavonol pool.
07
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15H12O5-6
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
B-ring hydroxylation shapes flavonoid hydroxylation patterns
Product
B-ring hydroxylated flavonoid intermediates
C15H12O6-7
3'/3'5'-hydroxylated flavonoids
CYP75B/F3'H and CYP75A/F3'5'H alter B-ring hydroxylation and generate precursors for quercetin- and myricetin-type branches.
Flavone, Anthocyanin, And Proanthocyanidin Branches
08
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15 flavonoids
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
Flavone, isoflavonoid, and flavonol branches
Product
Flavones/isoflavones/flavonols
C15H10O5-7
oxidized C6-C3-C6 flavonoids
Branch enzymes route shared intermediates into distinct flavonoid subclasses.
09
Substrate
Dihydroflavonols
C15H12O6-7
dihydroflavonol C-ring
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin direction
Product
Anthocyanin glycosides/proanthocyanidins
C15 glycosides/polymers
flavylium-glycoside / flavan-3-ol polymer
DFR/ANS/UFGT/ANR route the dihydroflavonol pool toward pigments and condensed tannins.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
Current lineage filter: Bryophytes. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
