Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Flavonoid Reaction Route

Phenylpropanoid entry, flavonoid scaffold, and anthocyanin branches. The flavonoid pathway is branched; this view arranges the main scaffold and common branches into a readable representative route without forcing all branches into one linear pathway.

9 curated steps/modules

From Phenylpropanoid Entry To Flavonoid Scaffold

Substrate

L-Phenylalanine

C₉H₁₁NO₂

C₆H₅-CH₂-CH(NH₂)-COOH

Deamination to the cinnamate entry point

PAL191

Product

trans-Cinnamic acid

C₉H₈O₂

C₆H₅-CH=CH-COOH

PAL commits L-phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid entry route that supplies the flavonoid acyl donor.

Substrate

trans-Cinnamic acid

C₉H₈O₂

C₆H₅-CH=CH-COOH

Para-hydroxylation of cinnamate

C4H160

Product

p-Coumaric acid

C₉H₈O₃

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-COOH

C4H/CYP73A hydroxylates cinnamate to p-coumarate, a required phenylpropanoid step toward the flavonoid donor.

Substrate

p-Coumaric acid

C₉H₈O₃

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-COOH

Substrate

CoA

C₂₁H₃₆N₇O₁₆P₃S

CoA-SH

CoA ligation to form the flavonoid acyl donor

4CL765

Product

p-Coumaroyl-CoA

C₃₀H₃₈N₇O₁₈P₃S

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA

4CL activates p-coumarate to p-coumaroyl-CoA for CHS-mediated flavonoid scaffold formation.

Substrate

p-Coumaroyl-CoA

C₃₀H₃₈N₇O₁₈P₃S

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA

Substrate

Malonyl-CoA

C₂₄H₃₈N₇O₁₉P₃S

HOOC-CH₂-C(=O)-SCoA

Condensation of the C6-C3-C6 scaffold

CHS187

Product

Naringenin chalcone

C₁₅H₁₂O₅

HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)₂

CHS condenses one p-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA units to form a chalcone scaffold.

Substrate

Naringenin chalcone

C₁₅H₁₂O₅

HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)₂

Chalcone cyclization

CHI350

Product

Naringenin

C₁₅H₁₂O₅

flavanone C₆-C₃-C₆ ring

CHI converts the open-chain chalcone into the flavanone core.

Substrate

Naringenin

C₁₅H₁₂O₅

flavanone C₆-C₃-C₆ ring

C-ring 3-hydroxylation to dihydroflavonols

F3H381

Product

Dihydrokaempferol

C₁₅H₁₂O₆

dihydroflavonol C-ring

F3H is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that converts flavanones into the dihydroflavonol pool.

Substrate

Flavanones/dihydroflavonols

C₁₅H₁₂O_5-6

C₆-C₃-C₆ oxygen heterocycle

B-ring hydroxylation shapes flavonoid hydroxylation patterns

F3'H/CYP75B285 F3'5'H/CYP75A42

Product

B-ring hydroxylated flavonoid intermediates

C₁₅H₁₂O_6-7

3&#x₂₇;/3&#x₂₇;5&#x₂₇;-hydroxylated flavonoids

CYP75B/F3'H and CYP75A/F3'5'H alter B-ring hydroxylation and generate precursors for quercetin- and myricetin-type branches.

Flavone, Anthocyanin, And Proanthocyanidin Branches

Substrate

Flavanones/dihydroflavonols

C₁₅ flavonoids

C₆-C₃-C₆ oxygen heterocycle

Flavone, isoflavonoid, and flavonol branches

FNS13 IFS1 IFR245 FLS

Product

Flavones/isoflavones/flavonols

C₁₅H₁₀O_5-7

oxidized C₆-C₃-C₆ flavonoids

Branch enzymes route shared intermediates into distinct flavonoid subclasses.

Substrate

Dihydroflavonols

C₁₅H₁₂O_6-7

dihydroflavonol C-ring

Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin direction

DFR110 ANS/LDOX204 UFGT1714 ANR17

Product

Anthocyanin glycosides/proanthocyanidins

C₁₅ glycosides/polymers

flavylium-glycoside / flavan-3-ol polymer

DFR/ANS/UFGT/ANR route the dihydroflavonol pool toward pigments and condensed tannins.

Lineage Distribution

Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.

All Lineages Basal angiosperms (4665)

Current lineage filter: Basal angiosperms. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.

Species Distribution

Chloranthus sessilifolius

Cinnamomum camphora

Liriodendron chinense

Aristolochia contorta

Lineage Summary

Module Gene List

Gene	Species	Protein ID
NcolGWHAAYW000000050100180.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050100180.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050100400.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050100400.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102110.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102110.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102120.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102120.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102140.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102140.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102190.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102190.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102270.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102270.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102280.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102280.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050102290.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050102290.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050103640.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050103640.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050104210.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050104210.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050104930.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050104930.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050108800.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050108800.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000050108810.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000050108810.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000060110250.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060110250.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000060110260.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060110260.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000060117070.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060117070.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.2	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.2
NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.3	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.3
NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.4	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060118490.4
NcolGWHAAYW000000060119570.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000060119570.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000070123600.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000070123600.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000070125040.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000070125040.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000070129630.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000070129630.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000070129640.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000070129640.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000080135220.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000080135220.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000080135230.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000080135230.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000080135240.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000080135240.1
NcolGWHAAYW000000080135590.1	nymphaea_colorata	NcolGWHAAYW000000080135590.1