PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
Current lineage filter: Basal angiosperms. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Lineage Summary
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157210.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157210.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157600.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157600.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157610.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157610.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157620.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157620.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157630.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157630.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157670.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000610157670.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000620159050.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000620159050.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000620159650.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000620159650.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000630160590.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000630160590.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161120.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161120.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161210.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161210.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161220.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161220.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161620.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161620.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161650.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000640161650.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000650162330.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000650162330.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660164620.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660164620.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660164630.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660164630.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660164650.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660164650.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660165710.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660165710.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660166080.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660166080.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660166200.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660166200.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660166620.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000660166620.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690171730.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690171730.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690172420.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690172420.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690172700.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690172700.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690172750.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690172750.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690173040.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000690173040.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000710175380.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000710175380.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000710175410.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000710175410.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000710175420.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000710175420.1