PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004724 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004724
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005065 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005065
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005194 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005194
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005197 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005197
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005208 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005208
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005209 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005209
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005246 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005246
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005253 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005253
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005258 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005258
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005291 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005291
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005293 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005293
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005405 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005405
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005436 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005436
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005502 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005502
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005601 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005601
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005602 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005602
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005686 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005686
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005710 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005710
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005711 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005711
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005774 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005774
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005777 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005777
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005799 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005799
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005831 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005831
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005832 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005832
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005931 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005931
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006073 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006073
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006076 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006076
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006146 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006146
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006257 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006257
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006265 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006265