PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022480 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022480
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022675 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022675
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022689 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022689
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022708 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022708
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022709 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022709
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022821 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022821
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022835 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL022835
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023044 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023044
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023051 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023051
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023054 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023054
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023432 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023432
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023437 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023437
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023470 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023470
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023595 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023595
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023628 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023628
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023640 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023640
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023663 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023663
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023676 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023676
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023949 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023949
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023971 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL023971
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024066 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024066
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024068 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024068
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024084 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024084
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024095 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024095
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024121 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024121
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024232 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024232
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024274 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024274
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024376 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024376
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024387 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024387
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024451 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL024451