PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035771 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035771
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035980 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035980
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035982 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035982
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036025 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036025
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036026 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036026
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036081 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036081
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036195 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036195
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036469 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036469
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036502 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036502
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036527 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036527
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036694 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036694
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036763 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036763
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036767 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036767
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036776 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036776
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036848 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL036848
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037150 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037150
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037523 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037523
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037537 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037537
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037651 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037651
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037753 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL037753
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL038010 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL038010
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL038135 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL038135
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL038528 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL038528
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039017 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039017
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039175 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039175
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039362 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039362
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039404 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039404
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039547 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039547
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039598 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039598
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039886 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL039886