PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s000385260203120.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000385260203120.1
Aalbaalba5_s000385260203130.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000385260203130.1
Aalbaalba5_s000385260203140.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000385260203140.1
Aalbaalba5_s000397650208240.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000397650208240.1
Aalbaalba5_s000460570234960.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000460570234960.1
Aalbaalba5_s000481530243720.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000481530243720.1
Aalbaalba5_s000505940252600.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000505940252600.1
Aalbaalba5_s000558040271710.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000558040271710.1
Aalbaalba5_s000661690306410.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000661690306410.1
Aalbaalba5_s000666850307920.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000666850307920.1
Aalbaalba5_s000696850317550.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000696850317550.1
Aalbaalba5_s000741400330970.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000741400330970.1
Aalbaalba5_s000753740334640.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000753740334640.1
Aalbaalba5_s000779750342440.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000779750342440.1
Aalbaalba5_s000782330343170.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000782330343170.1
Aalbaalba5_s000810390351860.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000810390351860.1
Aalbaalba5_s000842050360640.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000842050360640.1
Aalbaalba5_s000889360374100.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000889360374100.1
Aalbaalba5_s000895030375510.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000895030375510.1
Aalbaalba5_s000902420377650.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000902420377650.1
Aalbaalba5_s000913880380930.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000913880380930.1
Aalbaalba5_s000969580395560.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000969580395560.1
Aalbaalba5_s001001680404060.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001001680404060.1
Aalbaalba5_s001028750410910.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001028750410910.1
Aalbaalba5_s001089760426730.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001089760426730.1
Aalbaalba5_s001092110427290.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001092110427290.1
Aalbaalba5_s001152540441750.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001152540441750.1
Aalbaalba5_s001152540441760.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001152540441760.1
Aalbaalba5_s001158980443220.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001158980443220.1
Aalbaalba5_s001211060454840.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001211060454840.1