PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s001286460471630.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001286460471630.1
Aalbaalba5_s001292690472750.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001292690472750.1
Aalbaalba5_s001330070480590.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001330070480590.1
Aalbaalba5_s001353840485560.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001353840485560.1
Aalbaalba5_s001355570485960.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001355570485960.1
Aalbaalba5_s001360310487130.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001360310487130.1
Aalbaalba5_s001373670489950.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001373670489950.1
Aalbaalba5_s001385530492560.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001385530492560.1
Aalbaalba5_s001387130492900.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001387130492900.1
Aalbaalba5_s001402250496030.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001402250496030.1
Aalbaalba5_s001412750498040.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001412750498040.1
Aalbaalba5_s001412750498060.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001412750498060.1
Aalbaalba5_s001429750501430.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001429750501430.1
Aalbaalba5_s001431770501840.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001431770501840.1
Aalbaalba5_s001431770501840.2 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001431770501840.2
Aalbaalba5_s001434790502310.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001434790502310.1
Aalbaalba5_s001434840502330.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001434840502330.1
Aalbaalba5_s001452400505830.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001452400505830.1
Aalbaalba5_s001455390506540.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001455390506540.1
Aalbaalba5_s001464880508520.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001464880508520.1
Aalbaalba5_s001465250508580.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001465250508580.1
Aalbaalba5_s001468650509300.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001468650509300.1
Aalbaalba5_s001474050510390.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001474050510390.1
Aalbaalba5_s001484250512560.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001484250512560.1
Aalbaalba5_s001484250512570.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001484250512570.1
Aalbaalba5_s001488130513440.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001488130513440.1
Aalbaalba5_s001514160518340.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001514160518340.1
Aalbaalba5_s001520370519630.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001520370519630.1
Aalbaalba5_s001525300520560.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001525300520560.1
Aalbaalba5_s001531610521870.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001531610521870.1