PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL105
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H12
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL309
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT41 C3'H/CYP98A671 CSE272 CCoAOMT44
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR262 CAD165 F5H/CYP84A13 COMT64
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC195 POD3241
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (5394)
Current lineage filter: Algae. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Algae
Hits5394
Bryophytes
Hits0
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits0
Gymnosperms
Hits0
Basal angiosperms
Hits0
Monocots
Hits0
Eudicots
Hits0
Species Distribution
Chara braunii
Chromochloris zofingiensis
Botryococcus braunii
Penium margaritaceum
Takakia lepidozioides
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas schloesseri
Ptychomnion cygnisetum
Dunaliella salina
Caulerpa lentillifera
Lineage Summary
Algae
5394
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Cpartig000004030054010.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000004030054010.v1.176
Cpartig000004030054230.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000004030054230.v1.176
Cpartig000004050055210.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000004050055210.v1.176
Cpartig000007180083530.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000007180083530.v1.176
Cpartig000008020089390.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000008020089390.v1.176
Cpartig000008650097710.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000008650097710.v1.176
Cpartig000008820099240.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000008820099240.v1.176
Cpartig000009230101740.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000009230101740.v1.176
Cpartig000010380110060.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000010380110060.v1.176
Cpartig000010650112190.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000010650112190.v1.176
Cpartig000010650112200.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000010650112200.v1.176
Cpartig000010860113830.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000010860113830.v1.176
Cpartig000013330125200.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000013330125200.v1.176
Cpartig000013390125610.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000013390125610.v1.176
Cpartig000013660126620.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000013660126620.v1.176
Cpartig000205540145710.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000205540145710.v1.176
Cpartig000206010153590.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000206010153590.v1.176
Cpartig000206850164490.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000206850164490.v1.176
Cpartig000207100169220.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000207100169220.v1.176
Cpartig000207230169760.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000207230169760.v1.176
Cpartig000207230170220.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000207230170220.v1.176
Cpartig000208070175310.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000208070175310.v1.176
Cpartig000208300178130.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000208300178130.v1.176
Cpartig000208300178170.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000208300178170.v1.176
Cpartig000208300178470.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000208300178470.v1.176
Cpartig000208480179840.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000208480179840.v1.176
Cpartig000208920182440.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000208920182440.v1.176
Cpartig000209110187300.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000209110187300.v1.176
Cpartig000209120188670.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000209120188670.v1.176
Cpartig000209270190200.v1.176 cyanophora_paradoxa Cpartig000209270190200.v1.176