PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
Current lineage filter: Basal angiosperms. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Lineage Summary
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000120046640.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000120046640.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130048170.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130048170.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130049510.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130049510.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130050640.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130050640.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130050660.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130050660.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130050680.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000130050680.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000140051330.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000140051330.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000150052430.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000150052430.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160053920.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160053920.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160055430.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160055430.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160056650.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160056650.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160056730.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000160056730.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170058270.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170058270.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170059170.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170059170.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170059180.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170059180.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170059810.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170059810.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170060100.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000170060100.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180060330.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180060330.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061070.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061070.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061110.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061110.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061130.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061130.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061180.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000180061180.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190062930.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190062930.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190064600.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190064600.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190064950.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190064950.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190065320.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000190065320.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000200067840.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000200067840.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000210068000.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000210068000.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000210069200.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000210069200.1
AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000210069220.1 amborella_trichopoda AtriAmTr_v1.0_scaffold000210069220.1