PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123438.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123438.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123596.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123596.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123597.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123597.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123613.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123613.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123663.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123663.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123737.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123737.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123751.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123751.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123910.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123910.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123929.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9123929.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124270.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124270.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124369.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124369.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124380.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124380.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124401.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124401.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124419.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124419.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124449.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124449.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124495.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124495.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124571.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124571.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124684.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124684.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124737.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124737.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124979.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9124979.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125032.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125032.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125043.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125043.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125099.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125099.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125161.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125161.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125196.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125196.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125245.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125245.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125248.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125248.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125270.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125270.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125334.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125334.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125387.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9125387.1