Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route

Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.

6 curated steps/modules

Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction

Substrate

L-Phenylalanine

C₉H₁₁NO₂

C₆H₅-CH₂-CH(NH₂)-COOH

Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold

PAL1910

Product

trans-Cinnamic acid

C₉H₈O₂

C₆H₅-CH=CH-COOH

PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.

Substrate

trans-Cinnamic acid

C₉H₈O₂

C₆H₅-CH=CH-COOH

Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring

C4H401

Product

p-Coumaric acid

C₉H₈O₃

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-COOH

C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.

Substrate

p-Coumaric acid

C₉H₈O₃

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-COOH

Substrate

CoA

C₂₁H₃₆N₇O₁₆P₃S

CoA-SH

CoA ligation and activation

4CL3434

Product

p-Coumaroyl-CoA

C₃₀H₃₈N₇O₁₈P₃S

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA

4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.

Substrate

p-Coumaroyl-CoA

C₃₀H₃₈N₇O₁₈P₃S

4-HO-C₆H₄-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA

Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation

HCT1920 C3'H/CYP98A1929 CSE2414 CCoAOMT382

Product

Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates

C₃₁H₄₀N₇O₁₉P₃S

3-MeO-4-HO-C₆H₃-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA

This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.

Substrate

Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA

C_30-31 CoA thioesters

Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA

Reduction and S/G monolignol formation

CCR2707 CAD2978 F5H/CYP84A171 COMT1825

Product

Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol

C₁₀H₁₂O₃ / C₁₁H₁₄O₄

Ar-CH=CH-CH₂OH

CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.

Substrate

Monolignols

C₉-C₁₁ phenylpropanoids

Ar-CH=CH-CH₂OH

Oxidative coupling and polymerization

LAC3730 POD14559

Product

Lignin polymer

(C₉ unit)n

[Ar-C₃]n ether/C-C polymer

LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.

Lineage Distribution

Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.

All Lineages Bryophytes (38360)

Current lineage filter: Bryophytes. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.

Species Distribution

Anthoceros agrestis Oxford

Anthoceros punctatus

Buxbaumia aphylla

Calliergon cordifolium

Archidium alternifolium

Funaria hygrometrica

Andreaea rupestris

Acrobolbus urvilleanus

Bryoxiphium norvegicum

Lineage Summary

Bryophytes

38360

Module Gene List

Gene	Species	Protein ID
AagrOXFutg000063l0160040.2	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160040.2
AagrOXFutg000063l0160040.3	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160040.3
AagrOXFutg000063l0160040.4	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160040.4
AagrOXFutg000063l0160660.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160660.1
AagrOXFutg000063l0160660.2	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160660.2
AagrOXFutg000063l0160730.2	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160730.2
AagrOXFutg000063l0160740.2	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000063l0160740.2
AagrOXFutg000068l0163370.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000068l0163370.1
AagrOXFutg000076l0166610.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000076l0166610.1
AagrOXFutg000076l0166800.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000076l0166800.1
AagrOXFutg000076l0167010.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000076l0167010.1
AagrOXFutg000077l0167350.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000077l0167350.1
AagrOXFutg000080l0174150.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000080l0174150.1
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.1
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.2	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.2
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.3	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.3
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.4	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.4
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.5	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.5
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.6	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.6
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.7	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.7
AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.8	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000081l0177590.8
AagrOXFutg000083l0179300.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0179300.1
AagrOXFutg000083l0179660.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0179660.1
AagrOXFutg000083l0179660.2	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0179660.2
AagrOXFutg000083l0179660.4	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0179660.4
AagrOXFutg000083l0180240.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0180240.1
AagrOXFutg000083l0181040.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0181040.1
AagrOXFutg000083l0181060.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0181060.1
AagrOXFutg000083l0181090.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0181090.1
AagrOXFutg000083l0181240.1	anthoceros_agrestis_oxford	AagrOXFutg000083l0181240.1