PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.1678 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.1678
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.1714 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.1714
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.1715 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.1715
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2032 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2032
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2177 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2177
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2277 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2277
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2337 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2337
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2436 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2436
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2493 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2493
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.732 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.732
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.749 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.749
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.787 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.787
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.816 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.816
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.910 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.910
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.111 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.111
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1435 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1435
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1446 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1446
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.145.2 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.145.2
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.178 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.178
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.180 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.180
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1969 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1969
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.23 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.23
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2315 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2315
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.236 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.236
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2454 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2454
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.247 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.247
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2475 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2475
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.495 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.495
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.569 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.569
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.570 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.570