PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.237 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.237
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.238 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.238
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2506 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2506
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.251 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.251
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2534 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2534
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2540 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2540
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.255 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.255
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2732 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2732
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2754 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2754
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2876 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2876
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2974 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2974
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2975 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.2975
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.3125 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.3125
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.464 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.464
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.592 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.592
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.611 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.611
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.853.4 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.853.4
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1132 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1132
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1145 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1145
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1148 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1148
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1293 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1293
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1368.1 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1368.1
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1428 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1428
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1453 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1453
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1533 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1533
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1609 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1609
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1869 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1869
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2466 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2466
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2516 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2516
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2537 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2537