PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
4CL

4CL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family 4CL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 774 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum turgidum
Prunus domestica
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 25907 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 25910 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 25914 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL041905 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL041905
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042035 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042035
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042064 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042064
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042141 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042141
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042302 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042302
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042359 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042359
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042782 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL042782
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL043082 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL043082
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044126 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044126
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044255 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044255
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044272 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044272
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044845 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL044845
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL045507 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL045507
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL046045 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL046045
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL047800 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL047800
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL047930 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL047930
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL048248 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL048248
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL049489 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL049489
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL049685 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL049685
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL049851 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL049851
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL050298 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL050298
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL050299 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL050299
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL050763 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL050763
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL051186 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL051186
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL051383 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL051383
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL051698 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL051698
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL052055 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL052055
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL052394 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL052394
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL053021 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL053021
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL053191 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL053191