PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
4CL

4CL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family 4CL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 774 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum turgidum
Prunus domestica
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 25907 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 25910 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 25914 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045459 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045459
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046063 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046063
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001593 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001593
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001783 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001783
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB003380 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB003380
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004433 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004433
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004614 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004614
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB005952 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB005952
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB006053 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB006053
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007180 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007180
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007255 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007255
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007256 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007256
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007289 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007289
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010065 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010065
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012388 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012388
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013282 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013282
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013283 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013283
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013284 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013284
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013285 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013285
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015065 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015065
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016657 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016657
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017295 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017295
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019614 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019614
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020609 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020609
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021387 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021387
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025075 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025075
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025934 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025934
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026781 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026781
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026782 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026782
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028375 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028375