PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
4CL

4CL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family 4CL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 774 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum turgidum
Prunus domestica
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 25907 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 25910 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 25914 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028499 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028499
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028500 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028500
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030112 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030112
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030208 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030208
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033016 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033016
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034006 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034006
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035112 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035112
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035259 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035259
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035260 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035260
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035324 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035324
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035777 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035777
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036899 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036899
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037707 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037707
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039672 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039672
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039673 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039673
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040099 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040099
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040779 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040779
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041406 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041406
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041777 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041777
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041778 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041778
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042139 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042139
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042941 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042941
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB043116 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB043116
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045669 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045669
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047556 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047556
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047584 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047584
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048203 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048203
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048881 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048881
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050324 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050324
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050531 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050531