PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
4CL

4CL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family 4CL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 774 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum turgidum
Prunus domestica
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 25907 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 25910 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 25914 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052085 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052085
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053174 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053174
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053348 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053348
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054687 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054687
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054780 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054780
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055938 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055938
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056008 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056008
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056009 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056009
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056051 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056051
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB058796 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB058796
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061267 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061267
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061268 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061268
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062091 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062091
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063873 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063873
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065428 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065428
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066060 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066060
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068375 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068375
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070258 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070258
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070259 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070259
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071483 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071483
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071484 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071484
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071485 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071485
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074031 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074031
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074942 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074942
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075785 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075785
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077402 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077402
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077514 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077514
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079136 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079136
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079311 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079311
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080791 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080791