PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
4CL

4CL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family 4CL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 774 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum turgidum
Prunus domestica
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 25907 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 25910 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 25914 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080792 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080792
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080793 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080793
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082201 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082201
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083151 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083151
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084326 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084326
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084407 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084407
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084408 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084408
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084464 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084464
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084909 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084909
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086076 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086076
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086918 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086918
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB088929 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB088929
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB088930 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB088930
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB088931 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB088931
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089345 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089345
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090023 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090023
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090657 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090657
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090658 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090658
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091061 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091061
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091062 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091062
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091404 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091404
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092090 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092090
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092264 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092264
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092444 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092444
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094984 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094984
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096860 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096860
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096891 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096891
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097524 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097524
Acor01G0020760.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor01G0020760.1
Acor01G0024600.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor01G0024600.1