PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s012503700925880.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s012503700925880.1
Aalbaalba5_s013842990930170.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s013842990930170.1
Aalbaalba5_s014767290933190.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s014767290933190.1
Aalbaalba5_s017550500938920.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s017550500938920.1
Aalbaalba5_s024175220941790.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s024175220941790.1
XP_027329243.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329243.1
XP_027329251.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329251.1
XP_027329261.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329261.1
XP_027329604.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329604.1
XP_027329605.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329605.1
XP_027329798.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329798.1
XP_027329799.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027329799.1
XP_027330106.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330106.1
XP_027330107.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330107.1
XP_027330108.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330108.1
XP_027330520.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330520.1
XP_027330521.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330521.1
XP_027330527.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330527.1
XP_027330936.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330936.1
XP_027330938.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027330938.1
XP_027331128.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027331128.1
XP_027331957.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027331957.1
XP_027332398.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027332398.1
XP_027332725.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027332725.1
XP_027332726.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027332726.1
XP_027332727.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027332727.1
XP_027332884.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027332884.1
XP_027333158.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027333158.1
XP_027333259.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027333259.1
XP_027333260.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027333260.1