PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s005086480832830.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005086480832830.1
Aalbaalba5_s005593250849340.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005593250849340.1
Aalbaalba5_s005673630851550.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005673630851550.1
Aalbaalba5_s005714340852680.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005714340852680.1
Aalbaalba5_s005727340853000.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005727340853000.1
Aalbaalba5_s005827640855460.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005827640855460.1
Aalbaalba5_s005975290858880.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005975290858880.1
Aalbaalba5_s006214070864530.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006214070864530.1
Aalbaalba5_s006251580865360.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006251580865360.1
Aalbaalba5_s006332970867110.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006332970867110.1
Aalbaalba5_s006345090867360.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006345090867360.1
Aalbaalba5_s006683850874000.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006683850874000.1
Aalbaalba5_s006842380876670.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006842380876670.1
Aalbaalba5_s006905770877680.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006905770877680.1
Aalbaalba5_s007351380885250.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007351380885250.1
Aalbaalba5_s007728670890280.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007728670890280.1
Aalbaalba5_s007765770890710.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007765770890710.1
Aalbaalba5_s007765770890710.2 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007765770890710.2
Aalbaalba5_s007950760893020.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007950760893020.1
Aalbaalba5_s007967350893260.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007967350893260.1
Aalbaalba5_s008270780896720.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s008270780896720.1
Aalbaalba5_s008324030897240.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s008324030897240.1
Aalbaalba5_s008324030897240.2 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s008324030897240.2
Aalbaalba5_s008469660898800.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s008469660898800.1
Aalbaalba5_s008630070900690.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s008630070900690.1
Aalbaalba5_s008693450901350.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s008693450901350.1
Aalbaalba5_s009410760907520.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s009410760907520.1
Aalbaalba5_s009422550907640.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s009422550907640.1
Aalbaalba5_s009913330911660.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s009913330911660.1
Aalbaalba5_s010887230918190.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s010887230918190.1