PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s003672500763510.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003672500763510.1
Aalbaalba5_s003672500763520.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003672500763520.1
Aalbaalba5_s003750050768540.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003750050768540.1
Aalbaalba5_s003826350773210.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003826350773210.1
Aalbaalba5_s003905590777370.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003905590777370.1
Aalbaalba5_s003945540779390.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003945540779390.1
Aalbaalba5_s003974380781170.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003974380781170.1
Aalbaalba5_s004051050785610.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004051050785610.1
Aalbaalba5_s004066480786440.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004066480786440.1
Aalbaalba5_s004066480786440.2 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004066480786440.2
Aalbaalba5_s004075960787060.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004075960787060.1
Aalbaalba5_s004119220789520.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004119220789520.1
Aalbaalba5_s004218450795030.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004218450795030.1
Aalbaalba5_s004270170797460.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004270170797460.1
Aalbaalba5_s004272270797610.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004272270797610.1
Aalbaalba5_s004314320799690.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004314320799690.1
Aalbaalba5_s004328800800310.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004328800800310.1
Aalbaalba5_s004370560802290.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004370560802290.1
Aalbaalba5_s004446790805770.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004446790805770.1
Aalbaalba5_s004486880807520.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004486880807520.1
Aalbaalba5_s004593650812430.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004593650812430.1
Aalbaalba5_s004593650812430.2 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004593650812430.2
Aalbaalba5_s004617640813370.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004617640813370.1
Aalbaalba5_s004632160813940.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004632160813940.1
Aalbaalba5_s004770750819630.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004770750819630.1
Aalbaalba5_s004920450825880.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004920450825880.1
Aalbaalba5_s004931430826430.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004931430826430.1
Aalbaalba5_s004931470826440.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004931470826440.1
Aalbaalba5_s004987430828970.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004987430828970.1
Aalbaalba5_s005082290832640.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005082290832640.1