PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aurv9282960359530 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9282960359530
Aurv9282990359590 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9282990359590
Aurv9290450362210 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9290450362210
Aurv9290920362410 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9290920362410
Aurv9294000363850 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9294000363850
Aurv9303630367100 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9303630367100
Achi01G0001500.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0001500.1
Achi01G0006050.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0006050.1
Achi01G0006930.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0006930.1
Achi01G0007270.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0007270.1
Achi01G0007340.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0007340.1
Achi01G0008220.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0008220.1
Achi01G0008230.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0008230.1
Achi01G0008430.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0008430.1
Achi01G0008750.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0008750.1
Achi01G0010600.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0010600.1
Achi01G0011040.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0011040.1
Achi01G0011050.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi01G0011050.1
Achi02G0000650.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0000650.1
Achi02G0000980.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0000980.1
Achi02G0002280.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0002280.1
Achi02G0006580.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0006580.1
Achi02G0006590.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0006590.1
Achi02G0006600.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0006600.1
Achi02G0007950.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0007950.1
Achi02G0008400.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi02G0008400.1
Achi03G0001380.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi03G0001380.1
Achi03G0002940.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi03G0002940.1
Achi03G0003530.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi03G0003530.1
Achi03G0008260.1 actinidia_chinensis Achi03G0008260.1