PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aurv8959450230940 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8959450230940
Aurv8969280235250 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8969280235250
Aurv8971600235990 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8971600235990
Aurv8986350241830 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8986350241830
Aurv9037540260640 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9037540260640
Aurv9043500263410 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9043500263410
Aurv9052630267240 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9052630267240
Aurv9073220275670 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9073220275670
Aurv9085090280650 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9085090280650
Aurv9089100282620 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9089100282620
Aurv9100690287820 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9100690287820
Aurv9108310291100 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9108310291100
Aurv9109050291470 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9109050291470
Aurv9110950292380 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9110950292380
Aurv9119090296340 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9119090296340
Aurv9127440300300 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9127440300300
Aurv9138930305780 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9138930305780
Aurv9152260311340 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9152260311340
Aurv9153900311920 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9153900311920
Aurv9185440325180 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9185440325180
Aurv9192020327570 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9192020327570
Aurv9204990331880 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9204990331880
Aurv9207390332960 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9207390332960
Aurv9213990335570 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9213990335570
Aurv9227940340370 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9227940340370
Aurv9241600344920 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9241600344920
Aurv9248480347690 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9248480347690
Aurv9252160348630 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9252160348630
Aurv9256290350370 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9256290350370
Aurv9269390354840 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv9269390354840