PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
ACeri29G0010580 actinidia_eriantha ACeri29G0010580
ACeri29G0010590 actinidia_eriantha ACeri29G0010590
ACeri29G0011060 actinidia_eriantha ACeri29G0011060
ACeri29G0011070 actinidia_eriantha ACeri29G0011070
ACeri29G0011080 actinidia_eriantha ACeri29G0011080
ACeriChr000001570 actinidia_eriantha ACeriChr000001570
ACeriChr000002130 actinidia_eriantha ACeriChr000002130
ACeriChr000003110 actinidia_eriantha ACeriChr000003110
ACeriChr000003660 actinidia_eriantha ACeriChr000003660
ACeriChr000003880 actinidia_eriantha ACeriChr000003880
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000028 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000028
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000220 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000220
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000221 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000221
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000486 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000486
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000840 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA000840
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001088 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001088
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001130 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001130
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001142 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001142
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001254 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001254
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001255 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001255
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001279 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001279
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001310 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001310
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001557 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001557
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001609 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001609
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001610 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001610
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001611 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001611
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001612 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001612
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001812 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001812
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001846 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001846
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001984 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA001984