PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002528 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002528
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002529 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002529
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002530 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002530
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002531 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002531
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002757 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002757
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002820 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA002820
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003307 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003307
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003478 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003478
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003950 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003950
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003951 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003951
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003952 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA003952
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004240 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004240
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004277 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004277
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004278 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004278
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004576 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004576
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004952 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004952
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004954 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA004954
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005103 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005103
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005153 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005153
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005854 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005854
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005855 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005855
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005856 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005856
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005857 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005857
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005858 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005858
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005859 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005859
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005984 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005984
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005985 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005985
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005986 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005986
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005987 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA005987
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006040 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006040