PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006088 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006088
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006089 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006089
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006090 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006090
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006091 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006091
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006095 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006095
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006105 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006105
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006753 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006753
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006758 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA006758
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007281 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007281
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007297 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007297
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007308 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007308
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007321 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007321
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007378 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007378
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007435 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007435
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007704 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007704
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007781 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007781
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007965 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007965
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007977 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007977
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007978 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007978
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007979 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA007979
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008037 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008037
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008038 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008038
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008051 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008051
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008052 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008052
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008053 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008053
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008245 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008245
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008329 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008329
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008580 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008580
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008581 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008581
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008582 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008582