PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008589 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008589
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008655 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008655
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008661 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008661
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008662 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008662
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008663 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008663
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008928 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA008928
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA009499 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA009499
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA009839 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA009839
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010060 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010060
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010061 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010061
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010062 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010062
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010063 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010063
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010288 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010288
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010303 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010303
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010371 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA010371
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011207 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011207
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011265 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011265
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011334 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011334
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011457 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011457
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011586 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011586
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011587 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA011587
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012450 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012450
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012452 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012452
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012844 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012844
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012943 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012943
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012978 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA012978
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA013487 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA013487
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA013670 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA013670
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014053 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014053
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014055 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014055