PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014056 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014056
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014058 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014058
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014059 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014059
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014237 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014237
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014487 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014487
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014595 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014595
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014732 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014732
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014733 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014733
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014844 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014844
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014962 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014962
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014964 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014964
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014965 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014965
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014967 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014967
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014968 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA014968
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA015523 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA015523
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA015615 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA015615
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA015649 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA015649
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016145 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016145
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016146 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016146
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016149 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016149
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016150 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016150
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016214 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016214
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016215 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016215
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016235 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016235
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016544 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016544
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016560 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016560
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016561 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016561
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016567 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016567
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016629 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016629
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016630 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016630