PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016631 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016631
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016637 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016637
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016853 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA016853
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017453 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017453
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017523 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017523
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017980 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017980
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017989 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA017989
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018119 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018119
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018410 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018410
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018539 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018539
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018612 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA018612
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019168 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019168
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019397 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019397
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019398 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019398
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019575 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019575
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019576 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019576
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019676 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019676
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019782 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA019782
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020001 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020001
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020197 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020197
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020209 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020209
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020446 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020446
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020593 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020593
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020850 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020850
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020851 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020851
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020852 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA020852
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021111 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021111
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021112 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021112
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021113 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021113
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021712 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021712