PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021713 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021713
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021971 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA021971
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022059 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022059
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022663 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022663
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022786 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022786
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022903 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022903
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022906 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022906
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022913 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022913
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022932 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022932
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022933 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA022933
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023222 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023222
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023224 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023224
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023242 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023242
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023263 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023263
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023266 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023266
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023848 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA023848
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024506 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024506
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024559 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024559
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024560 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024560
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024928 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024928
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024989 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024989
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024990 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024990
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024991 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024991
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024992 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA024992
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025135 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025135
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025136 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025136
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025137 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025137
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025255 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025255
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025280 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025280
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025378 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025378