PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025636 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025636
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025674 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA025674
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026044 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026044
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026132 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026132
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026142 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026142
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026144 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026144
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026222 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026222
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026260 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026260
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026309 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026309
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026523 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026523
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026524 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026524
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026525 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026525
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026550 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026550
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026638 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026638
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026639 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA026639
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027214 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027214
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027451 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027451
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027452 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027452
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027498 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027498
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027499 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027499
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027500 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027500
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027730 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA027730
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028193 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028193
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028194 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028194
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028195 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028195
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028196 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028196
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028222 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028222
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028223 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028223
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028224 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028224
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028264 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028264