PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028325 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028325
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028584 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028584
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028762 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028762
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028763 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028763
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028855 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA028855
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029459 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029459
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029592 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029592
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029723 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029723
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029813 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA029813
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030105 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030105
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030238 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030238
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030239 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030239
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030240 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030240
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030293 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030293
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030362 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030362
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030363 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030363
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030482 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030482
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030771 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030771
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030772 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA030772
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031240 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031240
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031368 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031368
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031662 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031662
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031663 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA031663
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032383 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032383
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032647 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032647
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032648 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032648
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032649 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032649
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032706 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032706
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032780 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032780
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032785 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032785