PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032786 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032786
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032787 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032787
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032788 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032788
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032857 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032857
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032916 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA032916
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA033573 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA033573
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA033889 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA033889
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034166 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034166
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034261 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034261
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034262 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034262
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034263 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034263
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034264 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034264
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034558 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA034558
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035046 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035046
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035264 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035264
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035265 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035265
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035266 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035266
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035341 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035341
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035761 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035761
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035762 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035762
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035763 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035763
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035764 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035764
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035765 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035765
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035766 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035766
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035767 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035767
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035831 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035831
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035832 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035832
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035845 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA035845
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036196 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036196
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036197 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036197