PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036224 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036224
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036589 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036589
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036591 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036591
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036592 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036592
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036593 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036593
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036594 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036594
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036652 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA036652
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037025 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037025
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037117 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037117
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037217 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037217
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037218 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037218
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037221 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037221
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037222 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037222
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037223 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037223
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037520 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037520
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037521 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037521
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037522 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037522
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037542 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA037542
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038215 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038215
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038664 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038664
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038773 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038773
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038939 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038939
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038940 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038940
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038942 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038942
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038943 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038943
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038944 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038944
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038945 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA038945
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039140 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039140
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039298 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039298
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039824 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039824