PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039995 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA039995
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040030 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040030
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040033 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040033
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040057 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040057
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040058 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040058
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040085 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040085
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040087 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040087
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040088 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040088
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040090 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040090
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040330 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040330
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040331 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040331
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040332 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040332
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040333 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040333
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040677 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040677
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040756 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040756
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040947 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040947
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040957 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA040957
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA041050 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA041050
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA041183 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA041183
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042296 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042296
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042374 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042374
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042646 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042646
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042717 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042717
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042896 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042896
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042897 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042897
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042965 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA042965
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043375 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043375
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043384 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043384
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043385 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043385
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043386 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043386