PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043387 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA043387
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044039 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044039
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044040 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044040
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044117 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044117
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044209 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044209
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044212 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044212
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044213 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044213
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044214 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044214
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044215 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044215
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044216 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044216
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044217 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044217
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044218 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044218
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044219 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044219
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044220 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044220
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044221 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044221
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044223 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044223
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044239 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044239
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044240 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044240
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044241 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044241
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044243 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044243
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044920 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA044920
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045241 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045241
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045242 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045242
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045358 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045358
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045478 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045478
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045813 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045813
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045912 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045912
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045915 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045915
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045916 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045916
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045966 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045966