PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045970 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA045970
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046324 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046324
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046378 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046378
actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046379 actinidia_hemsleyana actinidia_hemsleyana_GWHPCBQA046379
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000026 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000026
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000243 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000243
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000549 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000549
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000891 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB000891
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001175 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001175
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001222 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001222
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001229 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001229
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001365 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001365
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001366 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001366
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001393 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001393
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001422 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001422
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001695 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001695
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001752 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001752
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001753 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001753
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001754 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001754
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001942 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001942
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001974 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB001974
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002128 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002128
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002707 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002707
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002708 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002708
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002709 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002709
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002960 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB002960
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB003522 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB003522
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB003695 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB003695
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004161 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004161
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004430 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB004430