PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007078 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007078
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007647 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007647
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007660 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007660
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007670 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007670
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007687 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007687
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007732 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007732
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007733 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007733
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007782 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB007782
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008057 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008057
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008137 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008137
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008337 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008337
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008344 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008344
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008345 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008345
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008414 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008414
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008430 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008430
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008431 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008431
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008455 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008455
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008616 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008616
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008695 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008695
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008966 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB008966
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009044 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009044
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009049 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009049
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009052 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009052
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009053 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009053
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009335 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009335
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009994 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB009994
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010185 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010185
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010321 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010321
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010552 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010552
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010553 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010553