PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010555 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010555
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010788 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010788
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010809 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010809
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010872 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB010872
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB011867 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB011867
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB011982 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB011982
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012118 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012118
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013031 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013031
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013036 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013036
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013465 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013465
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013582 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013582
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014376 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014376
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014759 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014759
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014764 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014764
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014765 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014765
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014766 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014766
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015226 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015226
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015338 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015338
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015464 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015464
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015624 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015624
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015712 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB015712
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016321 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016321
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016426 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016426
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016474 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016474
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016546 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016546
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016988 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016988
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016989 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016989
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016995 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB016995
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017077 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017077
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017078 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017078