PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017426 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017426
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017445 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017445
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017449 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017449
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017452 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017452
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017514 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017514
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017515 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017515
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017524 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017524
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017753 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB017753
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018417 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018417
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018418 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018418
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018483 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018483
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018937 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB018937
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019093 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019093
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019095 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019095
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019096 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019096
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019397 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019397
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019553 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019553
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019603 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019603
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019730 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019730
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019731 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB019731
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020137 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020137
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020376 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020376
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020378 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020378
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020565 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020565
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020661 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020661
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020771 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB020771
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021014 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021014
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021222 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021222
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021239 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021239
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021607 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021607