PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021891 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021891
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021892 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021892
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021894 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB021894
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022186 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022186
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022420 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022420
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022421 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022421
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022422 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022422
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022851 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022851
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022852 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB022852
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB023088 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB023088
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB023240 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB023240
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB023903 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB023903
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024018 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024018
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024019 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024019
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024025 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024025
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024043 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024043
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024044 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024044
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024290 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024290
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024292 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024292
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024307 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024307
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024329 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024329
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024333 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024333
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024934 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024934
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024965 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB024965
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025609 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025609
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025660 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB025660
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026033 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026033
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026102 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026102
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026103 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026103
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026104 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026104