PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026105 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026105
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026106 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026106
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026251 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026251
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026252 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026252
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026253 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026253
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026254 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026254
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026255 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026255
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026373 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026373
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026399 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026399
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026508 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026508
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026509 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026509
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026815 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026815
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026816 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026816
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026817 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB026817
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027222 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027222
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027311 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027311
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027321 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027321
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027407 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027407
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027445 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027445
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027446 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027446
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027505 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027505
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027701 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027701
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027702 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027702
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027710 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027710
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027720 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027720
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027721 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027721
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027748 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027748
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027849 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027849
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027850 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027850
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027851 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB027851