PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028461 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028461
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028707 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028707
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028748 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028748
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028749 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028749
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028750 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028750
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028751 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028751
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028752 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028752
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028753 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB028753
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029471 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029471
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029472 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029472
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029474 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029474
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029504 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029504
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029558 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029558
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029619 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029619
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029878 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029878
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029879 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB029879
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030072 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030072
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030073 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030073
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030074 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030074
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030146 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030146
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030172 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030172
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030813 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030813
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030961 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030961
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030962 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB030962
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031097 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031097
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031185 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031185
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031514 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031514
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031634 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031634
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031635 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031635
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031690 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031690